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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for prostitution (canada)
10 results foundAuthor: Barnett, Laura Title: Prostitution in Canada: International Obligations, Federal Law, and Provincial and Municipal Jurisdiction Summary: International trafficking in women and children, sexually exploited children in Thailand, female prostitutes murdered in British Columbia: each of these issues has special significance for Canada and its prostitution laws. Canada’s laws attempt to prosecute organized crime and to protect victims of trafficking and other forms of sexual violence, whether at home or by Canadians abroad. Canada’s multifaceted approach to curbing prostitution reflects a range of domestic and international obligations. Criminal laws are implemented at the federal level to meet international treaty obligations, while each province and municipality has its own means of dealing with prostitution locally, within the powers of its jurisdiction. Although these obligations occasionally clash – as when laws stretch beyond their mandated scope or do not manage to extend far enough – the ultimate result is a fairly comprehensive legislative response to prostitution and its associated social ills. Details: Ottawa: Library of Parliment, Parliamentary Information and Research Service, 2008. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 26, 2011 at: Year: 2008 Country: Canada URL: Shelf Number: 123157 Keywords: Child ProstitutionHuman TraffickingOrganized CrimeProstitutesProstitution (Canada)Sexual Exploitation |
Author: Simpson, Brenda Title: Changing Perspectives - Calgary Network on Prostitution -- Environmental Scan. Final Report Summary: The Calgary Network on Prostitution (CNOP) was formed in 2007 to address service planning and coordination as a response to the United Way of Calgary’s Coordinated Community Response Plan to the Sex Trade in Calgary. CNOP is a group of agency and consumer representatives interested in improving services and service systems related to prostitution. The Network vision is “to recognize the harm caused by prostitution to all individuals, to end prostitution and /or exploitation, to support individual human rights, and to strengthen and streamline partnerships.” In order to address this vision, the Network plans to raise awareness of the issue and to empower and advocate for programs and individuals working with and affected by prostitution. In particular the Network wants to: 1) address the root causes, policies and systems that harm communities and individuals 2) strengthen and sustain partnerships within the community 3) promote responsibility and apply a human rights based approach. The environmental scan contains information on • Prostitution in Calgary • Feedback from sex trade workers, sexually exploited individuals and those who have exited the trade regarding their experiences • An overview of services in Calgary for those working in the sex trade and/or trying to exit the sex trade • An overview of supportive services in Calgary not specifically targeted to sex trade workers but generically available to address some of the specific needs identified by individuals working in the sex trade (e.g. health, emergency housing, addictions treatment, counseling, basic needs, legal services) • An overview of services and strategies to protect children at risk of sexual exploitation (i.e. individuals under the age of 18 who are involved or at risk of being involved in sex trade activity • An overview of prevention strategies in Calgary • Feedback from Calgary service providers regarding their perception of services and strategies needed to support sex trade workers, both active and exiting • Perspectives from several Calgary communities with identified prostitution strolls • Recommendations for service development. Details: Calgary, AB, Canada: Brenda Simpson, 2009. 71p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 20, 2013 at: http://bsimpson.ca/reports/sexual_exploitation/environmental_scan_2009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Canada URL: http://bsimpson.ca/reports/sexual_exploitation/environmental_scan_2009.pdf Shelf Number: 128018 Keywords: Child ProstitutionProstitution (Canada)Sex WorkersSexual Exploitation |
Author: Simpson, Brenda Title: Changing Perspectives - Calgary Network on Prostitution -- Systems Analysis Project. Final Report Summary: The Calgary Network on Prostitution is a group of agency and consumer representatives interested in improving services and service systems related to prostitution. The Network vision is “to recognize the harm caused by prostitution to all individuals, to end prostitution and /or exploitation, to support individual human rights, and to strengthen and streamline partnerships.” In order to address this vision, the Network plans to raise awareness of the issue and to empower and advocate for programs and individuals working with and affected by prostitution. In particular the Network wants to: 1) address the root causes, policies and systems that harm communities and individuals 2) strengthen and sustain partnerships within the community 3) promote responsibility and 4) apply a human rights based approach 1.1 Systems Analysis Project Objectives • To gather information about key systems and services in Calgary responding to prostitution related issues. • To explore programs, services and strategies used in other cities to address prostitution related issues. • To connect with four communities impacted by prostitution activity in order to gather community perspective on the issue. • To determine key intervention/diversion points within the system. • To determine what needs exist in Calgary and recommend options for addressing these needs. • To map out potential intervention/diversion points and recommend strategies for improving Calgary’s response to prostitution. In particular, the systems analysis project focused on the justice systems’ response to adult sex trade workers; and the impact of street level prostitution activity on several identified communities. Cases where the individual is under the age of 18 are managed under the PSECA legislation within a well-defined community and justice system response protocol. Therefore, this younger group was not included as part of this study. Details: Calgary, AB, Canada: Brenda Simpson, 2008. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 20, 2013 at: http://bsimpson.ca/reports/sexual_exploitation/nop_systems_response_2008.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Canada URL: http://bsimpson.ca/reports/sexual_exploitation/nop_systems_response_2008.pdf Shelf Number: 128019 Keywords: Prostitution (Canada)Sex Workers |
Author: STAR (Sex Trade Advocacy Title: Safety, Security and the Well-Being of Sex Workers. A Report Submitted to the. House of Commons, Subcommittee on Solicitation Laws (SSLR). Summary: In the early part of the 18th century, sex work venues in Canada were predominately street- and brothel based. Since then they have become much more diverse and fluid. In Toronto, for example, sex worker organizations estimate that 5-10% of workers are street-based, divided between ‘low’ and ‘high’ strolls2, while 90-95% use hotels, apartments, houses, bars, bath houses, massage or body rub parlours, strip clubs brothels. This distribution varies in other cities but nation-wide, less than 20% of sex workers meet their clients on the street (Shaver, 1993; Lowman, 2005). The movement of sex workers between locations makes it difficult to establish stable estimates of location of work and undermines the idea that there is a strict hierarchy across the different types of work. Concerns about money, independence, the weather, and violence influence the day-to-day choices that workers make about where they will work (Benoit & Miller, 2001; Lewis et al., 2005; Jeffrey & MacDonald, forthcoming). Sexual services may include the provision of sexual gratification using fantasy as in exotic dancing, phone or internet sex, and/or physical contact. There are a variety of ways to organize sex work. One can work independently, with colleagues, or for someone else. In addition, work may be organized on an “in-call” or an “out-call” basis. In the former case, sex workers typically have a fixed location where they receive clients. In the latter, the sex worker goes to the client’s home, business, or hotel room. These two dimensions (location and organization), in conjunction with social and legal policies currently in place, interact with gender, stigma, and risk factors to affect the ability of sex workers to secure and maintain control over their environments. The majority of sex workers are women. Counts from street-based sex work suggest that about 20% of street-based sex workers are men (Shaver, 1993) while a much smaller number identify as transsexual/transgender (TS/TG)3. Clients are overwhelmingly men in all sectors of the industry. Exceptions include a small number of women clients who seek out male or female sex workers (primarily escorts or erotic massage providers) and women who are part of a heterosexual couple seeking sexual services. Unfortunately, public assumptions about sex work and sex workers are most often grounded in impressions of street-based prostitution, the most visible but smallest sector of the industry. Typically these impressions are based on stereotypical images of the women working the low stroll, engaging in survival sex or selling sexual services to support a drug habit. These assumptions tend to reinforce a homogeneous stereotype of sex workers as victims. Sex work venues and sex workers are much more diverse than the street portrait indicates. The majority of sex work occurs off-street, with victimization varying by the location of work. Those working off-street and high strolls are exposed to far less victimization than those working low strolls. Recognizing this is a key component for developing policies to improve the safety and security policies of all sex workers. This report is based on a study conducted between 2001 and 2004 that explored how public policies influence the working lives, conditions of work, and the health, safety, and well-being of sex workers operating in diverse venues. Details: Windsor, ON: University of Windso5, STAR, 2006. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 25, 2013 at: http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/sociology/maticka/star/pdfs/safety_and_security_report_final_version.pdf Year: 2006 Country: Canada URL: http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/sociology/maticka/star/pdfs/safety_and_security_report_final_version.pdf Shelf Number: 128489 Keywords: ProstitutesProstitution (Canada)Sex Workers |
Author: Sondhi, Shireen Title: Are We Chasing Rainbows?: Achieving the Decriminalization of Prostitution in Canada Summary: Prostitution has often been referred to as the oldest profession in the world. Yet the Canadian legislature and courts refuse to recognize it as a profession but merely as a social nuisance or worse yet a social evil. While the act of selling sex in exchange for money is technically legal in Canada, all related activities are criminalized. The majority of social science studies concerning the impact of prostitution-related laws on the health, safety and wellbeing of prostitutes indicates that criminalization jeopardizes the safety of prostitutes, as well as their access to health and social services and recommends the decriminalization of the profession. Despite these studies and requests from sex workers and experts, the government has refused to repeal any of the prostitution-related laws. This paper outlines the societal and legislative treatment of prostitution and then seeks to determine whether decriminalization is a viable goal in Canada. Details: Toronto: University of Toronoto, Faculty of Law, 2010. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed May 1, 2013 at: https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/25806/1/Sondhi_Shireen_201011_LLM_thesis.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Canada URL: https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/25806/1/Sondhi_Shireen_201011_LLM_thesis.pdf Shelf Number: 128585 Keywords: DecriminalizationProstitutesProstitution (Canada)Sex Workers |
Author: Kohm, Steven A. Title: Sex Work and City Planning: Winnipeg's Red Light District Committee and the Regulation of Prostitution Summary: In November of 1999, a Manitoba Provincial Court decision called into question the City of Winnipeg's ability to regulate off-street prostitution through its municipal licencing by-law for escort services. The result was a lengthy process that saw the city establish a volunteer committee to investigate the regulation of the sex trade in Winnipeg and make recommendations about what could be done in the future. This paper examines the process by which the volunteer committee arrived at its recommendations, and the resulting response from city bureaucrats and officials within the provincial Department of Justice. In the end, most of the committee's recommendations did not result in any concrete action by the city or province, and perhaps the most significant one - the creation of a new city by-law to regulate the industry - is, nearly two years later, still in the planning phase. In the meantime, the province has put into place a tough new law to deal with the sex and drug trade. At present, the city has yet to address the key concern of the court decision that began the process over three years ago: the development of a clear set of regulations for an industry badly in need of closer monitoring and supervision. Details: Winnipeg: University of Winnipeg, Institute of Urban Studies, 2004. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Research and Working Paper # 42: Accessed October 15, 2014 at: http://www.uwinnipeg.ca/faculty/ius/iusweb/pdf/Kohm_Selwood_ResearchWorkingPaper42.pdf Year: 2004 Country: Canada URL: http://www.uwinnipeg.ca/faculty/ius/iusweb/pdf/Kohm_Selwood_ResearchWorkingPaper42.pdf Shelf Number: 133884 Keywords: ProstitutesProstitution (Canada)Sex TradeSex Workers |
Author: Manitoba. Manitoba Justice Title: Working Together to Address Sexual Exploitation on our Streets Summary: The sex trade has profoundly negative effects on neighbourhoods and the individuals involved on the streets. The Criminal Code of Canada (federal law) has measures to deal with the sex trade. The Manitoba government has also introduced many measures to discourage the harmful activities related to the sex trade and sexual exploitation. Manitobans in all neighbourhoods have an important role to play in addressing the sex trade and its impact on the community at large. This publication provides an overview of the sex trade, including its impact on the victims of sexual exploitation and the communities where it occurs. The publication is also a resource for neighbourhoods that wish to take action to help reduce the harm caused by street prostitution. Connecting communities to the many resources available will help us work together to address sexual exploitation on our streets. The information in this publication is based on the experience and advice of: - front line workers - Manitoba Family Services and Housing - law enforcement agencies - Crown attorneys - Manitoba Justice - community members Details: Winnipeg, Manitoba: Manitoba Justice, Community Justice Branch, 2006. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 27, 2014 at: http://www.gov.mb.ca/justice/safe/neighbourhoodsolutions.pdf Year: 2006 Country: Canada URL: http://www.gov.mb.ca/justice/safe/neighbourhoodsolutions.pdf Shelf Number: 133828 Keywords: Child ProstitutionChild Sexual ExploitationNeighborhoods and CrimeProstitution (Canada)Sex TradeStreet Prostitution |
Author: Perrin, Benjamin Title: How to Make Canada's New Prostitution Laws Work Summary: Bill C-36 (Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act) marks a turning point in Canada's approach to addressing prostitution that was spurred by the Supreme Court of Canada decision in Canada (Attorney General) v. Bedford, which declared the old approach unconstitutional. This proposed legislation was recently passed by the House of Commons and has already been pre-studied by the Senate. It is expected to become law in the coming weeks. Under the new approach, prostitution is no longer considered merely a nuisance, but is recognized as inherently exploitative. While "johns," "pimps," and human traffickers are criminally liable, prostitutes generally are not. This is the right approach to this complex issue. It represents a major shift in how the harms of prostitution are characterized and confronted in the criminal law. It will require substantial work from governments, police, and civil society to ensure effective implementation. This brief Commentary highlights the major differences between the old and new approaches to addressing prostitution in Canada, discusses the anticipated Charter challenge to this new legislation that advocates for legalized/decriminalized prostitution have threatened, and identifies the next steps that are needed to ensure the effective implementation of Bill C-36. Details: Ottawa: Macdonald-Laurier Institute, 2014. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Commentary: Accessed November 12, 2014 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2516028 Year: 2014 Country: Canada URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2516028 Shelf Number: 132058 Keywords: Criminal LawProstitutesProstitution (Canada)Sexual Exploitation |
Author: Perrin, Benjamin Title: Oldest Profession or Oldest Oppression?: Addressing Prostitution after the Supreme Court of Canada Decision in Canada v. Bedford Summary: The future of Canada's laws related to prostitution has become an urgent public policy issue in the wake of the Supreme Court of Canada decision in Canada (Attorney General) v. Bedford. Three prostitution-related offences in the Criminal Code were found to infringe the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and are to be struck down, effective within one year. The Court's decision of December 20, 2013 has spurred a national debate on the issue as Parliament has this limited timeline to adopt any new legislative approach, or else Canada will face the de facto legalization of adult prostitution. Studies have painted a bleak picture of prostitution in Canada: - Street-level prostitution represents between 5-20 percent of all prostitution, the rest occurring indoors; - the majority of prostitutes entered prostitution between 14 and 20 years of age; - a disproportionate number of prostitutes were sexually abused as children; - substance abuse is significant among street prostitutes; and - marginalized women, including Aboriginal women, are particularly vulnerable to prostitution and more likely to face violence (including assaults, sexual assaults, and murder). Parliament has an opportunity to respond, within the general constitutional parameters that the Court has set. Decriminalizing/legalizing prostitution in the foreign jurisdictions reviewed in this paper (the Netherlands, New Zealand, Germany, Australia (Queensland), and the United States (Nevada)) has not been the hoped-for panacea for protecting prostitutes. Such an approach is not recommended. Canada should instead overhaul its prostitution laws. The starting point for such an approach could consist of three key components, inspired by an abolitionist model developed by Sweden and since adopted by other countries. The evidence from an independent inquiry is that such a model is working to reduce prostitution, change public attitudes, and undermine criminal elements and sex trafficking. First, going forward, Canada's objective should be to abolish prostitution. Its harms are inherent and cannot simply be regulated away. Second, prostitutes themselves should not be criminalized, but given support to help them exit. Leaving prostitution is the only way to truly protect prostitutes. In most provinces, this intensive assistance is sorely lacking. It has been suggested that the perpetrators of prostitution ("johns" and "pimps") should pay substantial fines that could be used to fund such services. There is merit in exploring this idea further. Finally, our criminal laws and enforcement should instead target pimps, traffickers, and johns with enhanced penalties - they are the perpetrators responsible for the harms of prostitution. Details: Ottawa: Macdonald-Laurier Institute, 2014. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 12, 2014 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2387042 Year: 2014 Country: Canada URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2387042 Shelf Number: 134060 Keywords: Criminal Law Prostitution (Canada) Sexual Exploitation |
Author: McIntyre, Susan Title: Buyer Beware: A study into the demand side of the sexual exploitation industry Summary: A total of 20 sex consumers were interviewed for this study between February 2010 and December 2011. Interview subjects were sourced from the Prostitution Offender Program in Winnipeg and Edmonton. Other interviewees were found through Sexual Addiction groups and word-of-mouth in Alberta. All interviews were conducted in confidential, safe locations. The Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) study's series of 10 questions were administered as part of the Buyer Beware interview process. The ACE study was a collaborative research project by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Dr. Robert Anda) and Kaiser Permanente Health Clinic of San Diego (Dr. Vincent Felitti). For the Buyer Beware study, the ACE study's questions were used as an icebreaker within the interviews. Details: Calgary, Alberta: Hindsight Group, 2012. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 1, 2015 at: http://www.hindsightgroup.com/Resources/Documents/Final%20Report%20Nov%2015%20-%20FINAL%20(with%20TC).pdf Year: 2012 Country: Canada URL: http://www.hindsightgroup.com/Resources/Documents/Final%20Report%20Nov%2015%20-%20FINAL%20(with%20TC).pdf Shelf Number: 135489 Keywords: ProstitutesProstitution (Canada)Sex Workers |